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The first steps toward a scientific understanding of the Earth
One of the most significant stages that elevated the development of science in world civilization was the Islamic Renaissance. During this era, geography, astronomy, geodesy, and mathematics reached remarkable heights, and human understanding of the world became scientifically grounded. The scientific maps created by Muslim scholars opened a completely new chapter in the history of world cartography and became the foundation of today’s global geographic knowledge system. Among the most brilliant examples of this immense scientific heritage are the World Map of al-Ma’mun, Mahmud al-Kashgari’s Map of Turkic Tribes, and al-Idrisi’s World Map depicting the western regions. These maps are exhibited in the First Renaissance Gallery of the Islamic Civilization Center in Uzbekistan.





